The book of America's Making Exposition : held at the 71st Regiment Armory, New York, October 29th - November 12th, 1921

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AMSA AY Wet det Peas lita ee

ee Spee
i — he Book of —
AMERICAS MAKING
EXPOSITION

71ST. REGIMENT ARMORY
NEW YORK

OCTOBER 29 ~ NOVEMBER12

UNDER the AUSPICES of CITY ana
STATE DEPARTMENTS of EDUCATION

Hae om NENA at

SHINN

eee
ez
NRA iM The BOOK of

MERICA’S MAKING
EXPOSITION

UUUVUOUUUUNAUUTAUUTOVUTAUUUEEUUT UU

TONIUVUUUAITULI IIIT

NALA

Citizens by birth or choice of a common country, that
country has a right to concentrate your affections. The
name AMERICA which belongs to you, in your national

capacity, must always exalt the just pride of Patriotism.

With slight shades of difference, you have the same
Religion, Manners, Habits and Political Principles. You
have in a common cause fought and triumphed together.
The Independence and Liberty you possess are the work
of joint councils and joint efforts—of common dangers,
sufferings and successes.

—WaAsHINGTON’s FarEweLL ADDRESS.

AUTIUUUUVUUUTUUUUTU

HELD AT THE 71st REGIMENT ARMORY, NEW YORK
OCTOBER 29TH-NOVEMBER 12TH, 1921

JAUILVVUUUUIAAHUULULAAHU UIT

This book has been arranged in cooperation with the various groups which participate
in the Exposition and the pages have been prepared from material submitted by them

Under the Auspices of
CITY AND STATE DEPARTMENTS OF EDUCATION, NEW YORK

FOREWORD

HERE can be no better preface to this catalogue than these words written by Franklin K. Lane
shortly before his death. I remember his writing this message, but it has only to-day been recoy-

ered. It has doubtless been published, and if the place of its publication were known credit would

be given. But it manifestly belongs to America’s Making, whose purposes it so fitly and feelingly
expresses :
America is a land of but one people, gathered from many countries. Some came for love

of money and some for love of freedom. Whatever the lure that brought us, each has his gift.
Irish lad and Scot, Englishman and Dutch, Italian, Greek and French, Spaniard, Slav, Teuton,

Norse, Negro—all have come bearing gifts and have laid them on the Altar of America.

All brought their music—dirge and dance and wassail song, proud march and religious
chant. All brought music and their instruments for the making of music, those many children
of the harp and lute.

All brought their poetry, winged tales of man’s many passions, folk songs and psalm,
ballads of heroes and tunes of the sea, lilting scraps caught from sky and field, or mighty dramas
that tell of primal struggles of the profoundest meaning. All brought poetry.

All brought art, fancies of the mind, woven in wood or wool, silk, stone or metal—rugs
and baskets, gates of fine design and modeled gardens, houses and walls, pillars, roofs, windows,

statues and painting—all brought their art and hand craft.

Then, too, each brought some homely thing, some touch of the familiar home field or
forest, kitchen or dress—a favorite tree or fruit, an accustomed flower, a style in cookery or
in costume—each brought some homelike, familiar thing.

And all brought hands with which to work.
And all brought minds that could conceive.

And all brought hearts filled with home—stout hearts to drive live minds; live minds to
direct willing hands.

‘These were the gifts they brought.

Hatred of old-time neighbors, national prejudices and ambitions, traditional fears, set
standards of living, graceless intolerance, class rights and the demand of class—these were
barred at the gates.

At the Altar of America we have sworn ourselves to a single loyalty. We have bound
ourselves to sacrifice and struggle, to plan and to work for this land. We have given that we
may gain, we have surrendered that we may have victory. We have taken an oath that the
world shall have a chance to know how much of good may be gathered from all countries and
how solid in its strength, how wise, how fertile in its yield, how lasting and sure is the life of
a people who are one.

It is with this purpose, so loftily defined, that we present this catalogue intimating the contribution
which each group has brought to the making of our beloved America.

President.

OUR ORGANIZATION

~|N times past much has been said of what America has done for the immigrant. In America’s
Making we tell what the immigrant has done for America. The focus of attention is shifted. The
immigrants themselves are asked to look at the present and the future—not the past; to feel and
to show themselves part of this new nation which we all—Americans of many origins—in common

purpose, each in our distinctive capacity, are helping to build.

The plan of America’s Making was organized by a central body of people with the help of thirty-two

volunteer groups.

Its purpose is to show in popular form by means of exhibits and pageantry the most important historical,
economic and cultural contributions that Americans of various descent, from the original colonists down to the
present, have made to the American nation—thus to deepen our common understanding of the ideals of our

country.

Committees of Americans whose ancestors came from countries over thirty in number, organized to par-
ticipate in the drama of a nation’s life. Each group conceived, arranged and financed its own exhibit, No
measure can be taken of the devotion of these busy men and women who have given time and thought un-
stintingly and voluntarily over a long period of months to prepare their contribution of art, their Festival of
dance and song and tableau, that all the land might know what was their part in the great American story.

The State and City Departments of Education and the Parochial Schools gave hearty support. Ex-
tensive research was conducted. More than one thousand programs of music, processional and pageantry
were presented during October by teachers and pupils in school auditoriums, parks and playgrounds to dem-
onstrate the part played by various nationalities in the building of the United States. With untiring devotion
hundreds of teachers have given their energy and imagination for long hours of service, rewarded only by

the joy of helping in a glorious cause.

‘The executive work developing upon the central body was supported by the counsel of many good and
disinterested citizens. In the center of this book are the names of the workers in every group who were the

heart of this mighty project.

OFFICERS
ESREAUINGKETE GREASE Sie are csWiieeecus eee Gaae accents cod ee Honorary President
a) © JETIN AEST Ee ees crea olor ey cee ie ae eae ay crete eaiedl kes een oe President
WIGGLE, WARING IG conc ach oonodaneuogbendeeudanon '.. Vice-President
INSTUERSPoetelege AID) VAZANRGTB) HB) RRL TEE RSet ee cee ae Pv ea op Se eee Secretary
TeLeea)1O) SV OAUTEAES RAINTO) GEG eter nieg a materia ees eine ar nected Rand oe in Treasurer

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

WILLIAM C. SMITH, Chairman ALLEN EATON
SEYMOUR BARNARD WILLIAM McANDREW
ALLEN T. BURNS M. E. RAVAGE

EDWARD F. SANDERSON

OUR ORGANIZATION—Continued

GENERAL STAFF

MATILDA SPENCE, Acting General Director

CHARLES J. STOREY, Director of Exhibits

ELIZABETH BURCHENAL, Director of Festival Programs

RUTH BURCHENAL, Consultant on Forms and Ceremonies

A. R. ROGERS, Business Manager

FLORENCE K. TAG, Office Manager

HOWARD GREENLEY, Director of Decorations

HARWOOD, INCORPORATED, Publicity American Press

ERNEST L. MANDEL, Director of Publicity Foreign Lan-
guage Press

MRS. SEYMOUR BARNARD, Director of Historical Research

Ss. G. LINHOLM, Director of Economic Research

MISS ELIZABETH ROEMER, Research and Organization

WILLIAM H. HUMISTON, Director of Music

RICHARD CLARK, Stage Manager

JEANNETTE EATON, Catalog and Program Editor

GENERAL COMMITTEE

John G. Agar

E. H. Anderson
Frank J. Arnold
Chas. D. Atkins

John C. Atwater
Robert E. Auld
Francis D. Blodgett
William Bondy
Arthur A. Boylan
Mary L. Brady
Herbert L. Bridgman
Robert B. Brodie
Elmer Ellsworth Brown
James Byrne

Harry B. Chambers
Thomas W. Churchill
Philander P. Claxton
Mary A. Conlon
Royal S. Copeland
Ambrose Cort

Wm. Nelson Cromwell
George S. Davis
Katharine B. Davis
Robert W. De Forest
Cleveland H. Dodge
Thomas J. Donohue
Thomas M. Donohue
Timothy F. Donovan
George W. Dorland
Miss Miriam S. Draper
John J. Driscoll

E. F. Eilert

Abram I. Elkus
Frederic Ernst

Wm. L. Ettinger
Livingston Farrand
Daniel D. Feldman
William L. Felter
John A. Ferguson
Alexander Fichandler
John S. Fitzpatrick
Raymond B. Fosdick
W. H. Fox

Hugh Frayne
Michael Friedsam
George H. Gartlan
Edwin F. Gay
Frank B. Gilbert
William E. Grady
Frederick B. Graham
Susan A. Grifhn
Herbert F. Gunnison
Herman Hagedorn
James A. Hamilton
Joseph A. Haniphy
John N. Harman
Henry E. Hein
Frank P. Hill
Simon Hirsdansky
John F. Hylan
Henry E. Jenkins
Patrick Jones

Otto H. Kahn
Franklin J. Keller
Mary B. Kinkeldey
Margaret Knox

Leo Levitsky

Adolph Lewisohn

John Lieberman

John J. Loftus
Abraham London
Michael H. Lucey
James J. McCabe
William P. McCarthy
Margaret J. McCooey
William J. McGrath
V. Everitt Macy
Louis A. Maiks
Alfred E. Marling
Gabriel R. Mason
Sidney Edward Mezes
E. M. Morgan

Frank A. Munsey
Emma L. Murray
John T. Nicholson
Lucille Nicol

Eugene A. Noble
Morgan J. O’Brien
Adolph S. Ochs
James A. O'Donnell
E. E. Olcott

James J. O’Regan
Henry Fairfield Osborn
Angelo Patri

Anna I. Phillips
Chas. J. Pickett
Anning S. Prall
Frederic B. Pratt
Anthony J. Pugliese
Ralph Pulitzer
William Rabenort
William M. Rainey

Ogden Reid
Frederic J. Reilly
Josephine Roche
Jason Rogers
Geo. J. Ryan
Mrs. Henrietta B. Scheider
Oswald Schlockow
Albert Shiels

William M. Simmons
Alfred E. Smith

Samuel McK. Smith
Arthur S. Somers
Isidore Springer

Charles E. Springmeyer
M. Samuel Stern

E. F. Stevens

Edward W. Stitt

Henry L. Stoddard

Mrs. Willard D. Straight
Charles F. Thellusson
Jacob Theobald, Jr.

Mrs. Charles L. Tiffany
John J. Tigert

E. R. Tivnan

Kate E. Turner

Rufus A. Vance

Joseph K. Vandenburg
Mrs. Frank A. Vanderlip
Samuel Viertel

William J. Wallin
Mabel Williams

Talcott Williams

Frank D. Wilsey

The general plan of the decorative ensemble for the Exposition, including stage settings and lighting

effects, was designed and installed by Castlebridge, Inc.

(Continued on pages 24 and 25)

WHERE AMERICA-MAKING
IS A REGULAR BUSINESS

Forty-Eight Thousand Three Hundred Seventy-Six Posters for America’s Making,
Each an Original Design, Have Been Made by Children of the Public Schools

F and when American school boys shall have been taught by their parents to be kind to the lonesome kid with a
foreign accent in his voice and not to join coward-like with a mob of young savages to beat him up; if and when
American school girls shall be trained at home that, in place of feminine cruelty, it is more American to exer-
cise generous sisterhood ; schools will then be able to regard the purpose of the festival, America’s Making, as a

thing accomplished and an unnecessary interference with the good old school essentials of readin’ riten’ and ’rithmetic.

But every teacher knows that, absorbed from somewhere out of an unkindly past young human nature brings to school the

unhappy traditions of race prejudice, social snobbery, and pride of birth, fostered by some lines of immigrants who

landed earlier than some other groups.

It is fitting, therefore, that the managers of public schools have welcomed the occasion of this festival. In 590
centres, day schools, evening schools, a total of 1706 programs of pageantry, processions, tableaux and dramatic repre-
sentations was devoted during the month of October to the revival of American fraternity, equality, fair mindedness and
good will. Upwards of two million Americans were shown the respectable additions to our civilization made by the im-
migrants of every blood who have entered into the life of the nation since 1492. Spread-eagleism, boasting, national conceit,
for a month at least have been reprobated by the schools. ‘They have featured education’s persistent purpose of perpetuat-
ing justice, modesty, honesty and a patriotism based on truthth and fair play. In the final celebrations at the armory 45
schools join with adult citizens in teaching the great lesson.

Sixty-eight thousand adults are getting the message of America’s Making through the public nifht schools while the
entire series of public lectures for six weeks has been upon this theme.

AMERICANS OF ARMENIAN LINEAGE

ONE “OF THES BEAG INE UE
RUGS BROUGHT FOR AMERI-
CAN HOMES ALL OVER THE
COUNTRY BY MERCHANTS OF
ARMENIAN LINEAGE

*|HE immigration of Armenians to the United States is of comparatively recent date. Excepting the early set-
tlers, about 4,000 in number, the majority of Armenians have come to America since 1894. According to
reliable sources of information, there are at present approximately one hundred thousand people of
Armenian lineage, most of them in the Eastern States. Important colonies have also settled in the Middle
West and on the Pacific Coast.

One of the earliest Armenian activities in America has been the cultivation of the silk worm, a contribution which
received official recognition from the Assembly of Virginia in 1656. “Two technical processes which have proved of con-
crete value to American institutions are the formula for green ink used in the printing of paper money and a preservative
for stone. ‘The conservation of Plymouth Rock is due to the ingenuity of Americans of Armenian descent.

Armenian capital has established a large business in the importation and sale of rugs and in the manufacture of
domestic rugs. In the art of photo-engraving, in the manufacture of machinery, jewelry, embroideries and silk, Arme-
nian-born Americans are preeminent.

Proportionately, the Armenians in the United States have produced a large number of professional men. There are
over twenty professors of Armenian lineage in leading universities and colleges in this country. Scientists, physicians and
dentists have attained marked distinction in their profession.

The exhibit of this group shows the special technical processes which have been such a unique gift to America; the
green ink featured on a dollar bill; stone preservation demonstrated by a model of Plymouth Rock; and fermented milk.
The exhibit suggests the color and mystery of the Orient which these Americans brought with them.

AMERICANS OF BELGIAN LINEAGE

An American of Belgian lineage at his trade of diamond cutting

ECAUSE of the small size and pre-war prosperity of Belgium, immigration from this country to America has been
comparatively light. Indeed, its occurrence is known to few. Nevertheless, the number of Belgian immigrants
is proportionately high. Moreover, they have entered into many American activities and have a share in her
history. Louis Hennepin, the Belgian Franciscan, was among the famous explorers of the American Conti-

nent. Father de Smet, the missionary, was noted for his wonderful success in spreading among the Indians the gospel

of Peace on Earth.

Sturdy and healthful, the Belgian immigrant is a valuable addition to the great American family. With his love
of work, his habits of thrift and saving, he has always held a firm place in American industry and agriculture. He sets
an example of the way to become prosperous on small earnings which is as astonishing to the average American as it is
beneficial.

The making of glassware and lace shown at the exhibit is typical of the occupations in which Belgian descen-
dants are engaged in America. Diamond cutting, another trade in which they are highly skilled, is demonstrated. “The
early Jesuit explorers from Belgium are typified by a statue of Father Smith. In the exhibit among the human accom-
plishments stands the figure of a valued immigrant from Belgium—the Belgian draft horse.

AMERICANS OF CARPATHO-RUSSIAN LINEAGE

CHOIR
IN NATIONAL
COSTUME

BOUT fifty years ago began the Carpatho-Russian immigration to the United States. In this period there

have settled here about one million people born in East Galicia, Lemkovschina, Bukovina and Karppatskaya
Russ.

Although they are to be found in many branches of industry, steel mills, iron works, sugar, rubber and
textile manufactories, yet half of them are concentrated in hard and soft coal mines. “Their hands feed the great

plants and factories which produce the vast wealth of America. In Pennsylvania whole colonies are settled exclusively
by citizens of Carpatho-Russian lineage.

Among the younger generation are found successful business men, inventors, lawyers, physicians, federal and state
employees. “They are well organized, boast more than ten periodicals, and have established special libraries and schools.
Their choirs and bands have enriched the musical expression of the community and their clubs its social life.

Their support of America during the World War was earnest. They bring to the country of their adoption a
warm appreciation of the liberty it affords and a vivacious eagerness to make use of its opportunities.

The exhibit of Americans of Carpatho-Russian lineage covers their work in coal mines and steel and iron plants.
Beautiful embroideries are displayed and a group of dolls show the national costume.

AMERICANS OF CZECHOSLOVAK LINEAGE

Americans from Czechoslovakia: painting pottery by hand

HE background of the Czechoslovak immigration is essentially rural. Like all Slavs, they are a race of land till-
ers. The bulk of the Czechs came when land was still cheap, settled in the Middle West, and there form a
considerable element among our farmers. Still others entered our factories where they utilized the mechanical

ingenuity which, with technical skill, is the distinguishing characteristic of Czech immigrants.

The Slovaks, on the other hand, came later and came comparatively poor. “They were diverted to the mills and
mines of Pennsylvania. Hardships were not new to them. ‘They faced unflinchingly hot blasts of coke-ovens and dark
depths of coal regions. This was their material contribution toward making America a conservative and prosperous land.

The other heritage which the Czechoslovaks have brought with them from their mother land is a keen sense for color,
for music and for art. “This influences their wage earning and social activities. “Their recognition of the gifts of democ-
racy is best exemplified by their appreciation of their adopted country.

The exhibit demonstrates the Czechoslovak part in the commerce and industry of America. Ceramics and basketry,
glass blowing, pearl button making, gem cutting and polishing are represented. ‘Their great festival of song, gymnas-
tics and national dances is illustrative of the bright and beautiful gifts they have brought with them for America.

AMERICANS OF DANISH LINEAGE

The Danish Contribution to America of Various Processes in Scientific Farming
and Dairying Has Advanced Our National Progress

ANISH participation in America’s Making may be said to have been inaugurated by the world-famed Dan-
_| ish seamen and such famous explorers as Jens Munk and Vitus Behring, the first of whom was the discoverer
==“ .|| of Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait in 1619, while Behring’s thrilling explorations led him to the coast of
Alaska during the beginning of the 18th century.

Danish officers and men served with distinction in Washington’s Army. Jonas Bronck, who gave his name to the
section of New York called the Bronx, and Peter Lassen, who founded the first permanent settlement in California, serve
as good examples of the early Danish settlers in America.

The real influx of Danes began during the middle of the 19th Century. With Wisconsin as a center, the Danish
farmers, dairymen and carpenters gradually spread throughout the West and Middle West, where by hard work and
modern methods they developed huge tracts of uninhabited land into prosperous communities. “The first creameries, the
cow-testing association, the first cooperative dairy farming on a large scale were established by Danish farmers.

Qualities of good citizenship are highly developed in the Danish race. Recognition of this was given by Theodore
Roosevelt in referring to his friend, Jacob Riis, as “The best American citizen.” Intellectually and artistically, Danish
culture is exemplified in America by many professional men, sculptors and artistis of Danish descent.

AMERICANS OF DUTCH LINEAGE

Nieuw Amsterdam had a heart. Aside from the Church and the Hospital, it
provided Houses for the Doctor, the Midwife and Two Nurses

zez7)H{E, Dutch played an important and picturesque part in the early history of American colonization. “They set-

* | tled the region on New York Bay and up the Hudson River, as well as portions of Pennsylvania, Connecticut

a and Delaware. The largest city in the country was founded by the Dutch who called it “Nieuw Amsterdam”
and left a deep imprint upon many of its sections.

Indeed the influence of Dutch immigration has been profound. ‘To them we owe the beginnings of our public beney-
olence and public education, the higher education of women and that religious and social tolerance which is the basis of true
democracy. Their charity was demonstrated by the provisions in their colonizing plans for adequate care of the sick
and poor, the widowed and orphaned. Among the early settlers were women as well as men of culture who brought with
them traditions of independence in property rights and of intellectual freedom—important to future generations. As early
as 1638 Dutch settlers established the first elementary school and laid the foundation for free general education.

Many of our social customs and games have come to us through our forefathers from Holland. Our architecture
has been deeply influenced by their advent and our traditions of decoration enriched. To our economic life their intro-
duction of tile making was an addition of importance.

Today there are more than 130,000 Americans born in Holland not counting the thousands of descendants of early
settlers. The majority of these later immigrants are farmers. Industries, however, also claim them, and nearly 25 per
cent. of these citizens are engaged in the manufacture of Grand Rapids furniture, of silk, and diamonds. ‘They are
found as fishermen, too, established around Long Island in the oyster trade. “They have made great additions to the cel-
ery-growing industry and have introduced the cultivation of tulips on a large scale. Because of their substiantial and
vigorous character, immigrants from the Netherlands have always shown a remarkable faculty for assimilating the ideals
of their new country, while bringing valuable gifts of industry and skill.

AMERICANS OF ENGLISH LINEAGE

Washington Laying His Commission at the Feet of Columbia—Has Been
Chosen as Symbol of the Superb English Spirit, Which Founded
and Developed the Thirteen Colonies and Shaped the real
America of To-Day

HE English colonists contributed to American life its ground-work of language, literature, social customs, edu-
cation, political and economic structure and the entire body of English law, including the system of trial by
jury.

From England we got our first iron works, cotton mills and railroads. In architecture the colonists produced from
the “Georgian” house an adaptation known as the “Colonial type.’ Our earliest musical mood was expressed by oratorios
and psalmody.

The exhibit of the English section shows a life-sized symbolic statue of Law; a realistic scene of a “Town Meeting
—the Foundation of Representative Government”; also an “Old-Time School Room.” The symbolic and _ historical
Pageant shows, dramatically, that the United States stands upon a foundation of English ideals and institutions.

A pamphlet has been prepared for the English section by the History Department of Columbia University, and a
twenty-eight page pictorial folder traces the progress of English enterprise and ideals from the explorer, Cabot, in his
quaint ship off the coast of New England down to the day of that great American of English lineage—Abraham Lincoln.

AMERICANS OF ESTHONIAN LINEAGE

“AMERICA AHEAD!”

The Sea Still Calls the
Esthonian Who Has
Made America His Home

eC RE TE

h fron Underwood and Underwood

Photograp

*)HE tight little country of Esthonia, consisting largely of seacoast, resting on the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of
Finland, has been from time immemorial essentially a maritime nation. About thirty years ago the first immi-
grants from this country began to come to America.

The first of these immigrants were seamen who settled down in the large seaport cities of America. Some
twenty years later farmers from Esthonia settled in the West and Northwest of America. By their efforts great stretches
of land were cleared of heavy timber and made ready for the production of crops in which this group has been conspicu-
ously successful. Americans of Esthonian lineage are also found in trades. “They are iron workers, carpenters, dock and
ship builders. ‘Their outstanding contribution, however, has been on the sea. They manned and officered American ships
during the World War and the majority of their workers are employed on ships.

Americans of Esthonian lineage are presenting one of the most unique of all the exhibits. A miniature dock is shown
about which are moored ships from the seven seas manned by Americans of Esthonian lineage—their contribution to the
prosperity of our nation. Ships in glass bottles ingeniously constructed, form an unusual scheme of decoration.

AMERICANS OF FINNISH LINEAGE

A cooperative store organized and successfully managed by Americans of Finnish descent

ag|HE Finns are a sturdy Northern people. About twenty years ago there was considerable immigration of Finns
to this country. The high-water mark for Finnish immigration was reached in 1903. According to reliable
__| estimates, over 50 per cent. of them live in rural communities in America. Because of their strength and
_ hardihood they are especially valuable in the lumber industry of the Northwest.

Aside from agriculture, they are employed as sailors and salmon fishers, contributing the majority of workers on the
Columbia River. They are numerously represented in iron and copper mines. Women of Finnish descent constitute an
important element in the cotton and linen mills of New England, and the needle trades, in New York.

Their outstanding contribution to America, however, has been in the development of cooperative organization.
They have been the leaders in cooperative movements in this country, and they have organized stores, dairies, apartment

and boarding-houses, and restaurants.

They have the intelligence, solidarity and traditions necessary for success in this constructive work.

AMERICANS OF FRENCH LINEAGE

Exhibit of Americans of French lineage representing a typical mansion of Louisiana

}HE record of the French contribution to the upbuilding of this country begins, of course, in the period of
exploration and discovery. Countless place names bear witness to the impress of this nation. Settlements by
Frenchmen extended over territory now bounded by a dozen states. Later, thousands of Huguenots came to
the English colonies and brought with them much that sank deep into American life.

In Louisiana especially, this Old World atmosphere was most clear and lasting. From New Orleans radiated a dis-
tinctively French influence. Its architecture, cuisine, customs and language formed one of our most cherished traditions.
Here Grand Opera was early produced. This gave a definite urge to that art impulse in America. One of the important
channels for l’esprit Gaulois was through Negro music, deeply affected as it was by contact with French melody.

The history of the fruit, cotton and sugar industries in the country all show interesting contributions from the
French. They also did much to develop metal and gunpowder industries. In the realm of fashion and in the culinary
art their leadership among us has always been unquestioned. Aside from the vast general contribution of France to all
the arts—painting, sculpture, architecture, the drama and language which America shares with all the civilized
world, there have been many artists and eminent scientists of French origin whom we may claim as citizens.

The French exhibit is designed to show their early settlements of Louisiana, indicated by the representation of a
room in an early French mansion in New Orleans. The whole impression is of the culture and good taste which is the
outstanding contribution of this race te America. The program of tableaux demonstrates the French place in American
history from the adventures of intrepid explorers and fighters to the gay whirl of a fashion parade, concluding with the
ever-thrilling representation of “Liberty Enlightening the World.”

AMERICANS OF GERMAN LINEAGE

“Probably no foreigner ever exerted such widespread influence on national musical taste

in America in modern days as Theodore Thomas.’—(Elson.)

HE great gifts of German immigrants to America are science and music. Nevertheless they have had an im-
portant share in building up this nation. From Colonial days these Americans have entered into our insti-
tutions and held a place in our history.

They registered the first protest against slavery and won for the press a freedom unknown before their efforts in
the middle of the 18th céntury. German immigrants helped to settle the Middle West and in the far West they were
pioneers who bore the brunt of many an Indian raid. In the revolutionary war German settlers gave distinguished gen-
erals to the service of Washington. The famous Mollie Pitcher was of German origin and her bravery was typical.

In the Civil War the Germanic element in United States was important in bringing up the Anti-Slavery balance
and in steadying sentiment in border states.

Many pioneer industries were opened up by German immigrants, such as paper manufacturing, iron foundries,
\ £ pap g

glass blowing and the plants which were forerunners of our great steel mills. Many inventions which resulted in improved

processes were made by Americans of German descent.

German influence on education in this country is unquestioned, the kindergarten and athletics are two definite ad-
ditions to the original system of public education. A great many artists, distinguished in painting, and sculpture, are
of German origin. Other Americans, engineers, journalists and statesmen whose ancestors came from Germany have
made great gifts to America. But the greatest of their cultural contributions were in music, which have influenced
America profoundly.

AMERICANS OF GREEK LINEAGE

Sponge diver of Greek lineage

»)HE achievements of classic Greece are the common possession of the civilized world and are inwrought into
its cultural life. Its architecture has been the inspiration of structures in every city.

Greek immigration to America, although it has only assumed large proportions in the past fifteen years,

has already resulted in important contributions to American economic life. Americans from Greece are at

work in the textile mills of New England and in the mines of the West. They share in the moving-picture industry.
They are running hotels and restaurants and are employed as waiters and cooks.

Individual enterprises characterize these Americans of Greek Lineage. Our shoe-shining parlors are largely in
their hands. “Through their little stands they market California fruit. Their candy stores and “‘patisseries” are part
of our national enjoyment. One of their greatest successes has been in the florist business. Cigarette manufacture
has been widely developed by them. Along the New England coast Greek-born Americans are engaged in lobster
fishing and on the coast of Florida in the sponge industry. Furriers from Kastoria in Macedonia introduced important
processes which they themselves originated such as the piecing together of small skins to form garments.

The Exhibit of Americans of Greek lineage tells of the sponge industry. The workers are typified by a diver with
full equipment. Furriers and cigarette makers give daily demonstrations of their trades. The contribution of Greek
florists to America is presented in a tableaux of Athena’s Gift of Flowers—an integral part of their elaborate festival
program which recalls the heritage of beauty from Ancient Greece while demonstrating the gift of modern Greeks to the
country of their choice.

AMERICANS OF HISPANIC LINEAGE

Mission of San Juan Capistrano

=|ISPANIC influence in America originated in the vast territories of the South, Southwest and West of the
United States which were first explored by Spaniards. Florida, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas and Cali-

fornia were first settled by them. San Augustin was their first permanent settlement in America and is
one of its oldest towns.

Spanish Missionaries were making history in the Southwest and West of America as early as the 16th and 17th
centuries. “They founded Missions, housed in beautiful cloistered structures which became garden spots of service. “Their
educational work among the Indians included training in better methods of agriculture and in higher standards of per-
sonal living. ‘To these missionaries we owe the preservation of Indian dialects.

Later Hispanic immigration has come from Spanish America as well as from Spain. In 1920 such immigrants
numbered 18,821. To-day our citizenship includes nearly half a million Americans of Hispanic lineage. ‘The chief
contributions of this group to commerce and industry are methods of irrigation, cattle breeding and fruit raising. “The
Spanish were the first to import horses and burros used along the coast. ‘They also introduced all the chief fruits of
California. Their coming had a profound effect upon the customs, speech and architecture of the Southwest. “The “mis-
sion” type of furniture has been widely popularized. The characteristic Spanish structure involving open courts, tiled
roofs, arched corridors, the use of cupolas, towers and belfries, is the dominant style of building in the west.

Two phases of the contribution of Americans of Hispanic descent to this country are worked out in their Exhibit,
—early exploration and settlement.

AMERICANS OF HUNGARIAN LINEAGE

Coming up from the mine—a typical industry of Americans of Hungarian descent

MMIGRATION from Hungary started about 70 years ago, when, after the war of liberation of 1848, polit-
ical refugees from that land sought a home in the United States.

The first Hungarian immigrants found employment in mines and factories and in the agricultural dis-
tricts of California. It was they who introduced the grape industry so intensive to-day on the shores of
the Golden Gate. Their skill in military science was a welcome gift during the Civil War and many Hungarian-born
soldiers rose to high rank.

In 1870 the real flow of immigration from Hungary began. It furnished a great quantity of valued labor to
factories and mines. Hungarian genius did much to develop the motion-picture industry and directs some of the most
successful of the large agencies.

In the arts of literature, drama and music, Americans of Hungarian birth have made distinguished contributions.
The New York World was founded by a citizen of Hungarian birth. Hungarian opera singers, actors and play-
wrights have secured prominent fame in their adopted country. Hundreds of Hungarian-born musicians play
in our orchestras. In the high ranks of architecture, medicine and engineering are found these Americans from an
older world. More than 2;000 sick-benefit societies established by them testify to their feelings of charity. Above
all, however, they take pride in the loyalty, industry, perseverance and obedience to law which are the fundamental
characteristics of their race.

The exhibit of Americans of Hungarian lineage features a pictorial map showing their distribution and principal
activities. Enlarged photographs illustrate their contribution of art and industry. Embroideries and craft work off-
set the representations of the vast drama of their unskilled labor.

AMERICANS OF ICELANDIC LINEAGE

FIRST EUROPEAN SETTLER
ON THE NORTH AMERICAN
CONTINENT

By Jonsson, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia

DVENTURERS from Iceland play a colorful part in the earliest traditions of the American continent. “They

formed part of that daring group of Norsemen who wrote the opening chapters in the story of America’s
Making.

It was not, however, until the latter part of the 19th Century that the Icelanders entered the stream of
American immigration. Stimulated, perhaps in some degree, by the effort of the Department of State in Grant’s Ad-
ministration to attract them to colonization in Alaska, a number of Icelanders joined in the gold rush to that section.
The majority of them however, have made settlements in Minnesota and Dakota. A few are found in Utah and Wash-
ington.

The dreams which these people of the far North brought with them were not for wealth or fame. What they
desired was to become scholars and literary men, lawyers, statesmen, artists. In view of the fact that less than fifteen
thousand people of Icelandic descent inhabit the United States, a surprising proportion of them have become prosperous.
They are largely engaged in agricultural pursuits, although a few of their number are found among the fishermen of
Gloucester and other seaports.

“Farmers of Icelandic Descent from the Middle West” is one of their principal exhibits. Here is shown a minia-
ture farming community. It is a graphic representation of the transmission of the Icelandic farmer to America and his
contribution to our food production. The spirit of the Vikings still persists in these Americans. ‘The exhibit presents
as witness of it evidences of their early explorations. Fishing and shipping activities are also shown. A statue by
Jonsson represents the art of Ireland, an exhibit of needlework, its craft.

AMERICANS OF IRISH LINEAGE

Model of the Exhibit of Americans of Irish descent

ROM Colonial days Irish immigration has been one of the active and important elements in America’s making.
Before 1650 Irish settlements were numerous in New England and the South. James McBride preceeded
Daniel. Boone by fifteen years to Kentucky, and other pioneers explored Utah and Oregon. Americans from
Ireland were prominent in the military history of America and Commodore John Barry was “Father of the
American Navy.”

After 1830 the vast number of Irish immigrants increased the population enormously, and from the beginning of
the nation contributed sagacity and organizing power to public administration. Some lfty Governors in the United
States claim forebears from the Emerald Isle. Eloquent in debate, the Americans of Irish descent have always been in
the fore of political activity, and have given numerous men of distinction to our bench and bar. Their brawn and brains
have helped to build the railways that opened up the continent. By invention and distribution of harvesting machinery
they have made vast agricultural territories productive on a grand scale.

The Irish race has profoundly influenced our journalism, not only through their great editors, but through their
large representation in the rank and file of the profession. “They have made distinctive contributions to literature and
the drama. Irish ballads are among our most popular songs and Irish jigs and dances are the outlet of many a child in
school and playground. ‘The versatility and buoyancy of the American temperament with the sporting instinct to take
chances are evidences of the Irish strain in our blood.

The exhibit of Americans of Irish lineage shows by a symbolic structure the varied contributions of the race to this
country. A mountain ten feet high has at its base water in which such inventions as the submarine and steamboat are
shown by floating boats. Miniature buildings along the shore illustrate industrial contributions. A Hall of Fame shows
noted individuals contributed by Irishmen to America, while mounting the slopes of the mountain are historical scenes
and models which portray their cultural gifts to this country. Their basic contributions are also shown in their fes-
tival program.

AMERICANS OF ITALIAN LINEAGE

BUILDING AMERICA!
A Symbolic Figure Representing
the Essential Italian Contribu-
tion of Mass Labor

By Vincent Salerno

==3yy) TALIANS first opened the New World to Old World settlement by the expeditions of their explorers—Colum-
bus, Vespucci and Verrazano. And from their “lovely land” they have brought offerings which have added
to the immense cultural inheritance which America received from the Italian Renaissance.

Our musical education during the first half of the nineteenth century was almost exclusively in the hands
of Italian teachers. Our supremacy in opera is due to the artistry and genius of Italians. In painting, sculpture and
drama the influence of Americans of Italian heritage is profoundly exerted upon our art.

A yast amount of unskilled labor has been available to America from Italian immigration. These Americans of
Italian lineage have furnished a great percentage of the mobile and seasonal labor for construction of public works, rail-
roads and highways. ‘They also engage in such industries as cotton, tobacco and garment manufacture. ‘Their restau-
rants with the flavory food of Italy have been conspicuously successful. In their hands rest the importation of fruits,
oils, cheese and other food commodities prepared in Italy. Large numbers of this group engaged in agriculture, show a
preference for specialized crops, such as fruits, berries and truck gardening. ‘Their work in the sugar, cotton and tobacco
fields of the South is becoming increasingly important.

The sunny temperament of the Italian and his response to the colorful aspect of life are potential influences upon

American character.

The arrangement of the exhibit of Americans of Italian lineage, in the form of an Italian garden with pergola, foun-
tain and flowers, creates the impression of the decorative quality of the contribution of this group. What it has given to
agriculture and industry is suggested pictorially on a large map of the United States and symbolized by a statue of a
laborer. Its music is gloriously represented by the festival program of grand opera sung by artists of note.

AMERICANS OF JUGOSLAVIC LINEAGE

Panel of Lumbermen from Jugoslav Exhibit

=F) UGOSLAV is the collective name of the three kin Southern-Slay racial groups, now politically united in the
new Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known also under the name of Jugoslavia.

The first Jugoslavs to tread American soil at the beginning of the 18th Century were Dalmatians, a sturdy

race of sailors, who, as a result of exploration made the first map of California. In Northern Michigan a

number of Slovene missionaries were active pioneers in the early 19th Century. The most famous of them, Bishop
Baraga, translated part of the Bible and edited a dictionary in the Chippewa language.

However, the mass of Jugoslav immigration arrived after 1880, and most of it since the beginning of this century.
Now their number can be estimated at about 700,000 including both first and second generations. Croats compose the
larger number. Slovenes come next with more than one-sixth of their entire number in America. Last come the Serbs.

The Jugoslavs in America in overwhelming majority are workers in mines and mills, especially in coal and iron
mines and in steel mills. In lumber camps they are employed as husky workers. In California they have succeeded as
prominent fruit growers and fishers. Indeed part of the fisheries are controlled by them. Oyster growing in Louisiana
is to some extent the exclusive trade of these Americans and elsewhere in the South the manufacture of ‘‘French” staves in
their exclusive industry. Dalmatian sailors are found on practically every American ship. Aside from some individual
noted for important inventions, it is this vast and varied labor which is the great contribution of Jugoslavia to America,

A fruit orchard model and a model showing the catching of tunafish are the chief features of the Jugoslav exhibit.
improvements of the wireless telephone demonstrates the invention of Professor Pupin. A decorative frieze depicts the
outstanding gifts of this group to its adopted land.

—.]4s eT sSsSSSSssSssSsSsS—

COMMITTEES REPRESENTING RACIAL GROUPS IN AMERICA’S MAKING

AMERICANS OF ARMENIAN LINEAGE
Rev. M. T. Kalaidjian, Chairman Dr. A. Constantian

AMERICANS OF BELGIAN LINEAGE
HONORARY COMMITTEE

His Excellency Baron E. de Cartier de Marchienne, Belgian Ambassador at
Washington.
Honorable Pierre Mali, Belgian Consul-General, New York.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Rt. Rev. J. F. Stillemans, Chairman Jehin J. de Prume, M.D.
Rey. O. A. Nys Rev. C. C, Roosens Henry Bayer
Pierre Danco Leo Garcey Lionel Hayenaers

AMERICANS OF CARPATHO-RUSSIAN LINEAGE
E. I. Tziorogh, Chairman Miss S. N. Olshanskaya, Secretary
Rev. J. Krohmalney, Vice-Chairman S. F. Rubas, Treasurer
V. P. Hiladik, Secretary
WOMEN’S COMMITTEE
Mrs. M. Dziomba, Chairman Miss M. Mikuliak, Secretary

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Very Rev. A. Philippovsky Mr. J. Zylich Mrs. M. Dybaylo
Mr. I. H. Boruch Mr. S. D. Zavorotiuk Mrs. K. Dychkevich
Mr. V. Varcholak Mr. N. K. Hladun Mrs. M. Koban

Mr. D. Sysak Mrs. I. V. Tziorogh Miss S. Brenia

Mr. J. P. Karlak Mrs. K. Zacharkoft Miss O. Demianovicl

Mr. M. Dziadyk
E. I. Tziorogh, Concert Director
J. H. Boruch, Choirmaster of the Carpatho-Russian Choir of Passaic
J. I. Komas, Choirmaster of the Carpatho-Russian Choir of Yonkers
I. H. Boruch, Program Director V. P. Hladik, Marshall

AMERICANS OF CZECO-SLOVAK LINEAGE
Dr. Borivoj Prusik, Honorary President Hon. Dr. B. Stepanek, Protector
Mrs. Thomas Capek, President Rey. L. A. Engler, Vice-President
Mrs. Albina Hlavac, Vice-President Mr. Jar. Jakoubek, Secretary
Mrs. M. Zguris, Treasurer for Slovaks Mr. Jos. Modr Treasurer
Mr. Chas. Sykora, Financial Secretary

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Mr. Karel Leitner Mr. Clement Ihrisky Rev. L. A. Engler Mrs. M. Simek

COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Mr. Frank Hucl, Chairman Mr. J. Havlik, Secretary Mr. M. Otruba
Mr. Jar. Simon Mrs. M. Brouk Mrs. A. Hlavac Mrs. M. Mergl
Mr. C. Ruman Mr. J. Tomes Mr. M. Gazak Mr. J. Zguris
Mrs. M. Macucha Mrs. M. Simek Mrs. A. Hala Miss A, Feriencik

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS
Rev. L. A. Engler, Chairman Karel Leitner Mr. V. B. Tuma
Mrs. Thomas Capek Dr. Vincent Pisek Mr. V. Sperakus

PUBLICITY COMMITTEE
Mr. Karel Leitner, Chairman Mr, V. B. Tuma Mr. L. Kozar
Rev. L. A. Engler Dr. V. Pisek

COMMITTEE ON EXHIBITS

Prof. Sarka Hrbkova, Chairman Mr. Engelbert Svehla, Secretary

Mr. Joseph Mrazek Mrs. M. Zguris Miss A. Feriencik

Mrs. V. Trbusek Mr. Chas. Duchacek Mrs. Martha Bodicky
Mr. Karel Leitner Mr. Will Schwanda

SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
Mrs. Marie Zguris, Chairman Mr. M. Kazak Mrs. Libuse Motak
Mr. L. Kozar Mr. J. Jancek Mr. J. Surovy

COMMITTEE ON MUSIC
Mrs. Marie Mergl, Chairman Mr. Clement Ihrisky

Mr. Rudolph Prusa, Director Mr. J. Jedlicka
COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM (Racial)
Mr. Joseph Gregor, Chairman Mr. R. Velk Mr. J. Slavik

Mr. J. Androvic Mr. V. Krejcik Mr. C. E. Hrbek
AMERICANS OF ENGLISH LINEAGE
Rev. Herbert Shipman, D.D., Bishop-elect, Honorary President
Dr. Louis Livingston Seaman, President Walter B. Tufts, Secretary
C. S. LePoer Trench, Vice-President
N. Devereaux Putnam, Vice-President and Treasurer

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
The above officers, also
Louis Annin Ames Mrs. Edward McVicker
H. Gloster Armstrong Mrs. C. R. Scarborough
F. H. Kinnicutt Mrs. Louis Livingston Seaman
Miss Ruth Lawrence Wayne W. Wilson

PAGEANT COMMITTEE
Mrs. Ernest H. Bennett, Chairman Mrs. Edward G. Marks
General Reed, U. S. A. Mrs. C. R. Scarborough
George Arliss Dr. Discon Fox F. H. Kinnicutt
John W. Leighton Mrs. Oswald Yorke Oswald Yorke
Mrs. Wm. Robison H. Gloster Armstrong Rev. J. P. McComas, D.C.

EXHIBIT
Mrs. C. R. Scarborough, Chairman Mrs. C. J. Goddard Shaw
Henry F. Bultitude John W. Dunsmore Mrs. F, C. Hodgson
Reginald P. Bolton Dr. Edward H. Hall Joseph H. Hunt
Mrs. Sarah Sangster Mrs. William Robison
FINANCE
C. S. LePoer Trench, Chairman
Rupert S. Highes

Louis Annin Ames
Dr. Louis Livingston Seaman
LITERATURE
Mrs. Edward G. Marks, Chairman F. H. Kinnicutt Wayne W. Wilson
Mrs. E. H. Bennett Mrs. C. R. Scarborough

AMERICANS OF ESTHONIAN LINEAGE
Rev. C. Klemmer, Chairman Albert Sommie, Treasurer
Elizabeth Flink, Secretary August Pihlaksar, Vice-Treasurer

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Other members of committee:
Jacob Lacht Constantin Flink Hugo Sallo
AMERICANS OF FRENCH LINEAGE
Lucien Jouvaud, Chairman André Prost, Secretary

FINANCE COMMITTEE

Théo. Seltzer, Chairman Henry Blum Emile Rey

Albert Blum Pierre Cartier Félix Wildenstein
COMMITTEE ON LITERATURE, DRAMA AND PUBLICITY

Prof. Chas. A. Downer, Chairman Prof. Auguste George

Prof. John Erskine Prof. Brander Matthews André Prost
COMMITTEE ON ART AND INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION
Hon. McDougall Hawkes, Chairman J. Sanford Saltus
Louis Bamberger Harry Wearne W. Francklyn Paris
COMMITTEE ON ARCHITECTURE AND DECORATION
J. H. Freedlander, Chairman Charles Butler Whitney Warren
Henry R. Sedgwick Lloyd Warren
COMMITTEE ON PAGEANT AND ENTERTAINMENT

Réné Wildenstein, Chairman André Prost, Secretary Jules Bouy
Eugéne Chauvin André Chotin Henry Creange
Paul Meyer Condé Nast Lloyd Warren
COMMITTEE ON HISTORY
Dr. George F. Kunz, Chairman Victor Hugo Palltitts Alexander J. Wall
Dr. Edward Hagaman Hall Howland Wood
AMERICANS OF GREEK LINEAGE

Chairman: George Caranicholas Treasurer: John Sarantis
Vice-Chairman: Prof. Carrol Brown Secretary: Michael Theodoropoulos
Vice-Chairman: Dr, Alex Alexion Dr. George Papanicolaou A. Gerakis
Dr. M. Nicas George D. Nicholas Dr. C. Carusos J, Diamanatis
EXHIBIT COMMITTEE
Rey. Dr. Thomas J. Lacey, Chairman Nicholas N. Mavrogenis A. Condos
Rev. D. Callimahos Rev. V. B. Darlington K. Doicos
PAGEANT COMMMITTEE ?
Mrs. D. Callimahos, Chairman Mrs. Feramoaca Mrs. Marie Economidy
Mrs. Corinne Canoutas Mrs. A. Garakis Miss C. Collineates
AMERICANS OF HISPANIC LINEAGE
Senora R. M. deMorrison, Chairman Phanor J. Eder, Treasurer
Humberto Arias, Secretary and Treasurer
COMMITTEE
Tshmael Smith Luis Mora A. B. Aviles y Senora
Evangelina Autay Rafael Sala Matilde de Cordova
Mariano Vidal Dr. Peter H. Goldsmith
AMERICANS OF HUNGARIAN LINEAGE
GENERAL COMMITTEE
Father Stephen Czernitzky, Chairman William Mayer, Secretary
Miss Alice Kauser, Treasurer, Chairman of Pageant
FEDERATION OF HUNGARIAN CLERGY
Rey. Alex, Kalssaay, President Rey. Lewis Nanassy, Secretary
Rey. Elamer Bordogh, Treasurer
AMERICANS OF ICELANDIC LINEAGE
Hon. Chairman: Wikelmel Stefansson
Chairman. G. G. Gudmundson Secretary: Holmfridur Arnadottir
Vice-Chairman: Olaf Olafson Treasurer: Adalsteinn Kristjansson
AMERICANS OF IRISH LINEAGE
OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Col. Timothy J. Moynahan, Chairman John McKee, Treasurer
(Miss) Kathleen M. Kemmy, Secretary Michael J. O’Brien, Historiographe
Lawrence J. Rice Pat’k A. Moynahan Pat’k A. Gaynor
Wm. J. Colihan Seamas O’Sheel Geo. J. Gillespie
Martin Conboy Rt. Rev. Monsignor Jos. Smith
GENERAL COMMMITTEE Nae
(Miss) Maura Fitz Gerald (Miss) Catherine Ledwith
Timothy Ryan Martin Waldron (Miss) Helen L. Lee
Michael White Jos. J. Moynahan Edmund Kelleher
John F, O’Loughlin Frank Flaherty Daniel Coughlan
Kathleen Smith Louis P. Robinson Mrs. M. Gearon
Jos. Carroll Mrs. Helen Cusack Mollie Murphy
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Pat’k A. Gaynor Pat’k A. Moynahan
SUB-COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Pat’k J. Barrett Daniel O’Connor Michael J. Farley Michael Healy
PUBLICITY COMMITTEE
Dennis Coughlin, Chairman Mrs. N. F. Qualey Seamas O’Sheel
COSTUME AND PAGEANTRY COMMITTEE
Miss Sarah McKelvey, Chairman Thos. Hennessey
Major John C. O’Reilley Monsignor Jos, Smith
PERMANENT EXHIBIT AND BOOTH DECORATION COMMITTEE
John J. Sheridan, Artist Capt. Thos. Tuite Pat’k J. Reilly
AMERICANS OF ITALIAN LINEAGE EXHIBIT COMMITTEE
Victor Salvatore, Chairman

Paola S. Abbate Attilio Picirilli
Vincenzo Meserendino O. Ruotolo

PAGEANTRY COMMITTEE
Mary A, Frasca, Chairman

Vincent Salerno
Count Tamburini

BOOTH COMMITTEE
Dr. Vincent Giliberti, Chairman

— A >S>\>jcwoww#om——III]-X---W——--rereoOO———SSsSsSeSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSssssssssFFees

COMMITTEES REPRESENTING RACIAL GROUPS IN AMERICA’S MAKING—Continued

COSTUME COMMITTEE
Madeline Grande, Chairman
RESEARCH COMMITTEE :
Dr. Vittorio Racca, Chairman Prof. C. Byrnes Dr. F._Ettari
Prof. Baberis Dr. M. E. Cosenza Marie Frugone
COMMITTEE ON MAP OF AGRICULTURE
(Italians in Agriculture)
Louis Forgione, Chairman Dr. John H. Mariano
Dr. Paolo De Vecchi G. Rossati
COMMITTEE ON STEREOPTICON SLIDES
(Italians in Industry)
Dr. R. De Ville, Chairman p es
Dr. Paolo De Vecchi Dr. M. E. Cosenza G. Rossati Cav. G. B. Vitelli
COMMITTEE ON TABLETS
Dr. Sante Naccarati
COMMITTEE ON HISTORY
Dr. Paolo de Vecchi, Chairman f i
Dr. M. E. Cosenza Dr. F. Ettari Dr. John H. Mariano F. R. Serri
COMMITTEE ON MEMBERSHIP
Lois Forgione, Chairman
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICITY
Paul F. Frabbito, Chairman
Dr. De Ville George Tanzola
PROGRAM COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON USHERS
Mario De Biasi, Chairman Dr. Vincent Giliberti, Chairman
AMERICANS OF JUGO-SLAV LINEAGE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ;
John J. Grgurevich, Chairman Prof. Dr. M. S. Stanoevic
Rainer F. Hlacha, Vice-Chairman Ivan Mladineo, Secretary
Dr. A. H. Mooney, Vice-Chairman D. B. Tripcevich, Treasurer
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Artur Nikoloric, Chairman
Ljuba Salevich Leopold Sorger
EXHIBIT AND ART COMMITTEE
Leo Zakrajsek, Chairman Mrs. Helen Arguello Frank Primozich
Mrs. A. Nikoloric Alexander Sambugnac Stjepan Jobst
PUBLICITY COMMITTEE
Dr. Jozo Poduje, Chairman
Rainer F. Hlacha Ivan Mladineo Prof. Dr. M. S. Stanoevic

FESTIVAL COMMITTEE
Ign. Hude, Chairman John Koncan J. Cvetkovich
Mrs. Anna Mladineo Miss Ursula Zakrajsek Miss Mimi Dercar
V. Ujcich Hinko M. Sgiuppa-Zupa B. B. Rados Emilij Blazevich

AMERICANS OF LATVIAN LINEAGE

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Gustav Neumann, Chairman
Charles Carrol, Vice-Chairman Mary Boschen, Asst. Secretary
John W.-Ozols, Secretary Charles Newman, Asst. Secretary
FINANCE COMMITTEE
Rey. Charles Podin, Chairman Charles Sichman Dr. A. Kymmel
August Grave, Vice-Chairman Alex. Bernhardt Capt. Ed. Wahwerit
Rev. John Steik William Kleis Fred. Kuehn
PAGEANT COMMITTEE
Mrs. A. Bernhardt, Chairman
Mrs. Emily Podin John Birsneek Mrs. Charles Cooymans
Mrs. Otilie Kleis Mrs. J. Slave John J. Kalnin Miss H. Marau
EXHIBIT COMMITTEE
Albert de Leon, Chairman Ernest Jansen, Vice-Chairman
Emma Burns August Grave Ans. Meschlauk Mrs. D. Lassman
Miss Lina Masur J. Sporr A. Menert Julius Purweets
PUBLICITY COMMITTEE
John Kweetin, Chairman Jacob Slave, Vice-Chairman Ernest Stahl
Andrew R. Drawneek Chas. Carrol John Birseneek Chr. Rahwin
AMERICANS OF LITHUANIAN LINEAGE

GENERAL COMMITTEE
Jurgis Tumasonis, President
M. J. Sadeckas, First Secretary Miss K. Karpiute, Second Secretary

FINANCIAL COMMITTEE

Mario De Biasi

Frank Lupsa

L. Simutis P. S. Vilmont J. Ginkus
COMMITTEE OF PROGRAMS
J. Maciulis K. Karpiute V. Sirvydas

AMERICANS OF NEGRO LINEAGE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
James Weldon Johnson, Chairman
Eugene K. Jones, Executive Chairman Mr. Jesse O. Shipp, Assistant
Louise R. Latimer, Secretary Mr. Alfred W. Ross, Orchestra Leader
Harry H. Pace, Treasurer Miss Annie L, McCary, Exhibit Director
Mrs. Daisy Tapley, Festival Director Louise R. Latimer, Assistant
ACTIVE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS

Mrs. E. F. Horne Miss Minnie Brown James H. Hubert

Miss Anna C. Hawley Gerald F. Norman Robert J. Elzy

Miss M. E. Butler William Pickens

AMERICANS OF NORWEGIAN LINEAGE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FINANCE COMMITTEE
Oluf Kiaer, Chairman O. G. Olsen, Chairman
EXHIBIT COMMITTEE FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Thomas Bull, Chairman Anton Wetlesen, Chairman
PUBLICITY AND PUBLICATIONS
Harry Sundby-Hansen, Chairman
GENERAL OFFICERS

Oluf Kiaer, Chairman Thormod Jullum, Secretary A. N. Rygg, Treasures

AMERICANS OF POLISH LINEAGE
Dr. S. Grotowski, Consul-General, Honorary Chairman
F. X. Jagocki, Chairman W. Kaminski, Treasurer
C. Kozlowski, Vice-Chairman A. Salik, Recording Secretary
Mrs. B. Zytkiewicz, Vice-Chairman J. Wilenski, Advisory Member
Wladyslaw T. Benda, Exhibit Director L. Pilarski, Advisory Member

Agnes Andrzejewska, Financial Secretary Dr. M. Szawlewski, Press
A. Piszczek, Secretary : Sigismund Stojowski, Music
E. H. Levwinski-Corwin, Publications Chairman Dr. M. York, Press

AMERICANS OF PORTUGUESE LINEAGE
George Duarte
AMERICANS OF RUMANIAN LINEAGE
Honorary Chairmen
P. A. Siegelstein
Leon Feraru, Chairman
COMMITTEE ON FINANCE
Charles Moran, Chairman
COMMITTEE ON FESTIVAL
Louis Diamant, Chairman
COMMITTEE ON RECEPTION
V. L. Jederan, Chairman
COMMITTEE ON EXHIBIT
Jean U. Koree, Chairman
D, D. Dimancescu, Acting Chairman Radu Belian, Secretary

William Nelson Cromwell T. Tileston Wells

Henry Clews Radu Irimescu T. Stefaniu
John Foster Dulles Jean Paleologue John Raica
Arthur Zentler Z. Rubin Henry Sasch

Arthur Kolnik Em. Dimitriu
AMERICANS OF RUSSIAN LINEAGE
Prof. N. P. Makaroff, Chairman
FESTIVAL PROGRAM
Jos. B. Polonsky Prof. N. P. Makaroff
ARTS AND DECORATIONS
Nicholas K. Roerich, Chairman B. Artzicaskeff W. Virrick N. Skitski
AMERICANS OF SCOTTISH LINEAGE
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
William Taylor, Chairman
EXHIBITS AND ARTS
Alexander Mackintosh J. Massey Rhind
FESTIVAL PROGRAM
William Taylor
COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION
Wm. M. MacBean John J. MacPhee Charles C. Stoddard

AMERICANS OF SWISS LINEAGE
ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
O. H. Ammann Edward Escher Alfred Hafner Paul A. Isler
Robt. Schwarzenbach Dr. J. Schwarzmann
AMERICANS OF SYRIAN LINEAGE
Joseph A. Zaloom Dr. E. Mussallem

AMERICANS OF WELSH LINEAGE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Robert D. Williams, Chairman
John Lloyd Thomas, Vice-Chairman and Treasurer
T. D. Bowen; Chairman of Finance Committee
Mrs. R. H. Evans, Secretary and Chairman of Festival Program
Luther Lewis, Chairman of Exhibit Committee
Talli E. Morgan, Musical Director
Mrs. Elizabeth Broadhead William O. Jones George M. Lewis
Rey. Hugh D. Jones E. C. Morris T. D. Bowen U. Lloyd Roberts
MUSIC COMMITTEE
Tali Esen Morgan, Director E. C. Morris, Chairman Edward Jones
AMERICANS OF SWEDISH LINEAGE
EXECUTIVE AND FINANCE COMMITTEE
Dr. Johannes Hoving, President Dr. Victor O. Freeburg, Vice-President
Gustaf Sundelius, Corr. Secretary John H. Johnson, Rec. Secretary
Emil F, Johnson, Treasurer Axel Hedman
Dr. F. Jacobson Chas. K. Johansen
STUDY COMMITTEE
Dr. Victor O. Freeburg, Chairman Erik W. Wallin, Secretary
Dr. Amandus Johnson Emil F. Johnson Dr. Henry G. Leach
BOOK COMMITTEE
Dr. F. Jacobson, Chairman Dr. Victor O. Freeburg, Secretary
Dr. Amandus Johnson Ernst Skarstedt Victor Berger
PUBLICITY COMMITTEE
Chas. K. Johansen, Chairman -Dr. Henry G. Leach Chas. Nickels

EXHIBITION COMMITTEE
Axel Hedman, Chairman Mrs. Ingeborg Hansell John Olin

PROGRAM COMMITTEE
John H. Johnson, Chairman Mrs. Helga Hoving
Ragnai Ahlin D. O. Host
HONORARY AND ADVISORY COM MELEE ei
jo rom-Steffanson Dr. Adolph Burnett Benson ex. sson
y Bee cae Adolph O. Eberhart Karl Von Rydingsvard
John Aspegren Charles L, Eckman Hon. Samuel Carlson
J. E. Hillberg A. A. Anderson John Séderstr6m
Ernst J. Berg Richard Hogner, M.D. Olof Ohlson
Frank Mossberg Anton H. Trulson Anders Schon
Cc. G. Wallenius Nels Hokanson Othelia Myhrman
Andrew Tofft Ernst W. Olson Col. J. A. Ockerson
Hon. John Lind Dr. Victor Nilsson Prof. A. A. Stomberg
Alfred Séderstrém C. J. Larson G. N. Swan
AMERICANS OF UKRANIAN LINEAGE Si
i airman John Fedun, Vice-Chairman
pea Or Se ena eae Stephen Dembicky, Secretary, Basil Wintonick

Ernest Ohnell

Eric Hagstrém

AMERICANS OF LATVIAN LINEAGE

From Latvia the Farmer Follows West to the
Fertile Fields of America

HE Letts come from Latvia, one of the newly-formed Baltic republics. Although in the past Lettish immi-
| grants in America have been classified as Russians, the Letts are an entirely distinct people of Indo-European
origin, and the Lettish language has the distinction of being of all living languages the nearest to the ancient
Sanskrit from which all Indo-European languages originated.

The principal contribution made by Letts to America is skilled labor and the trades in which the Lettish immigrants
are especially proficient are cabinet-making, carpentry, gardening and machine construction; besides that, the Letts have
contributed to this country sailors, farmers, and also professionals, such as doctors, engineers, lawyers and musicians.
Lettish women are exceptionally skilled needleworkers.

The Letts arriving in this country do not group themselves into colonies, but rather prefer to scatter throughout the
country. Thus the Letts assimilate very easily, forming a very pliable material for Americanization. Owing to this
fact, the contributions of Letts to America are difficult to estimate. But wherever they go they display their character-
istic traits of industriousness, conscientiousness and perseverance.

The festival of song presented by this group consists of a vast chorus from three cities. To the accompaniment of
this vocal orchestra are given tableaux, contrasting Lettish agriculture from the days of the wilderness to modern times in
Latvia with pictures of the happy farmer in America.

The Lettish Section has chosen for its exhibit a cottage furnished with characteristic furniture and decorated with
needlework designed and executed by Americans of Lettish lineage. In front of the cabin a little garden is arranged

with various plants and flowers. Thus the entire exhibit illustrates, concretely, cabinet-making, carpentry, needlework
and gardening.

AMERICANS OF LITHUANIAN LINEAGE

GLUGI | GAIN ID IG IGLAIBIR A.
Designed and Manufactured by
Americans of Lithuanian

Lineage

MERICANS of Lithuanian lineage have figured in American life since 1777, when a considerable number of
them accompanied Thaddeus Kosciusko, himself of Lithuanian birth, to fight for American independence.

It was not till a century later that many Lithuanians came to America, but after that immigration was continuous.
It was directed principally to anthracite districts in Pennsylvania and to industrial centers. A certain number settled in
Connecticut. They were impelled to such immigration by depressing economic and political conditions in the home land
as well as the desire for freedom.

Lithuanians are now in every state. “They contribute not only to the industrial but to the cultural life of the
country. Their citizenship is demonstrated by their hearty response during the World War. ‘The report of the United
States Immigration Commission calls attention to the interest of Lithuanians in naturalization. It is estimated
that there are now nearly one-half million Americans who claim Lithuanian birth. Called “the first Aryans in Europe,”
a stalwart, blue-eyed people, the Lithuanians are noted for their steady industry by which they have greatly enriched
America.

The exhibit of Americans of Lithuanian descent shows the transition of the hand-weaver in the old country to the
power looms in this. Workers engaged on both kinds of looms demonstrate the craftsmanship of this interesting group.
Their festival of choir and folk singing and tableaux of industrial work is a dramatization of their activities.

AMERICANS OF NEGRO LINEAGE

“Ethiopia” A Symbolic Statue of the
EMANCIPATION of the NEGRO
RACE.

From the Exhibit

By Mrs. Mete Warrick Fuller
a Negro Sculptor

N the making of America, the part played by the African group is of tremendous importance. His great contri-
butions have been labor, personal service and music.

Negro labor in slavery and freedom, cleared the forests and swamps for the great agricultural regions of
the South. It entered America one year before the Puritans and only twelve years after the Cavaliers. From
the early 17th Century to the present day, Negro labor has been indispensable in the fundamental industries of the
South. On its work depend the great crops of cotton, sugar, tobacco and rice. Negroes are also engaged in the opera-
tion of coal mines, fisheries and transportation. It has furnished faithful personal and domestic service and recently has
succeeded in the skilled trades.

In 53 years of freedom the Negro has increased his homes owned from 12,000 to 600,000; farms operated from
20,000 to 1,000,000; business enterprises from 2,100 to 50,000. He has increased in literacy sixty per cent. and the
number of his teachers from 600 to 38,000. The sum spent from his own pocket for his own education has increased
from 80,000 to 1,700,000 dollars; his church property from 1,500,000 dollars to 85,900,000 dollars, and his general
wealth from 20,000,000 dollars to 1,100,000,000 dollars.

Churches, colleges and great social agencies have been organized by the Negro. ‘This race has produced orators,

writers, and educators. It has given to this country the only distinctively “American” music; the “Sorrow Songs” or
Jubilee Music and the syncopated instrumental and vocal rhythms.

The Negro exhibit is designed to symbolize the origin of the race in Africa and its progress in America. Wall
decorations will show their industrial contribution to the nation and the educational work among those of their own race.
The industrial school will be depicted. ‘Their Musical festival typifies their wonderful contribution to this branch of art.

AMERICANS OF NORWEGIAN LINEAGE

Designed by Thomas Bull
Front of the Norwegian Exhibit in America’s Making

7]ROM the dim days of Norse adventure and discovery to the present, the seafaring activity of the Norwegians
| has kept them in touch with America. Over a hundred years ago the first large group of Norwegians came

to this country. Now there are settled here about half a million Americans born in Norway, while something
like four millions of people of all generations trace their lineage to Norway.

Nearly half of the gainfully employed Norwegians are engaged in agriculture and allied food-producing industries.
They were pioneers in the Middle West and Northwestern States. “They cleared and cultivated this section. ‘The per-
centage of farm owners and operators among this group is the highest of any ethnic group in America.

As seafarers they have also entered into America’s economic life and are represented in large numbers in ship-
ping and marine occupations on the coasts and on the great lakes. Fisheries, as a related industry in which Norwegian
descendants excel, claim large numbers of them on the Pacific Coast and in Alaskan waters. In the fish-packing industry
Norwegians who are largely represented therein have contributed special methods of packing now generally adopted.
Lumbering, the skilled trades and machine shops count many of these Americans among their workers. “Those foremost
in the professions of engineering, architecture and other technical professions, include these vigorous people.

Sports and music have been contributed to America by immigrants from Norway. Skiing, introduced by them, has
become a popular American sport. Singing societies and musical organizations flourish in all centers where people of
Norwegian lineage predominate.

The exhibit of Americans of Norwegian lineage depicts their important part in the shipping of this country. A
painting shows the arrival of Lief Ericson on these shores. “The modern aspect of their seamanship is interpreted by a
beautiful mural showing Norwegian sailors along our coasts. A third mural represents farming in the Northwest.
Grouped around these central ideas are many relics and historical objects.

AMERICANS OF POLISH LINEAGE

The Vision of Harvest
Realized in America

By W. T. Benda

{JHE polish immigrant group, although unimportant until the latter half of the nineteenth century, was repre-
_| sented in America in Colonial times. During the War of Independence, these immigrants gave three distin-
guished leaders to our cause.

The present Polish population of the United States is concentrated chiefly in the great industrial centers, occupied
in iron and steel manufacturing, sugar refining, slaughtering and meat packing. By no means confined to industry, how-
ever, this group has settled upon the land and frequently engaged in highly specialized forms of farming, such as tobacco
culture and truck gardening.

In 1903 there were 810 Polish settlements, chiefly agricultural, in New England and the Middle West. ‘Their ser-
vice has been to bring considerable tracts of poor and unused land under cultivation.

Americans of Polish lineage have greatly enriched American culture in the realm of music. Many of their musicians
have earned a conspicuous place on operatic and concert stage and are numerously represented in our orchestras. In
sculpture and painting, Americans of Polish ancestry have done distinguished work.

The exhibit of Americans of Polish lineage consists of three parts. The first, two large decorative panels, repre-
sents Polish immigrants engaged in farming and mining in the United States; the second consists of portraits of famous
Poles in America; and the third displays concrete evidence of Polish technical skill.

AMERICANS OF PORTUGUESE LINEAGE

Gloucester Fishing Schooners, Manned by Americans of
Portuguese Lineage.

HE first connection between the American continent and Portugal was established in the beginning of the 16th:

Century when Cortereal made an exploring expedition which impressed his nickname ‘the labrador or farmer”
upon the eastern coast of Canada.

‘Two centuries later a number of Portuguese desirous of escaping religious persecution settled in Holland and
moved on to New Amsterdam. In one of New York’s oldest cemeteries may still be found Portuguese names and inscrip-

tions on a number of tombstones.

In 1820 political refugees from Portugal landed in America and in 1849 a number of them migrated to California
and started settlements on the Pacific Coast. The total of Americans of Portuguese descent is estimated at about
300,000. Most of them are located in California where they have done much to develop the agricultural prosperity of

that fertile state. In Massachusetts they are occupied as fishermen and as weavers in the cotton mills.

Sturdy citizens of exceptionally high honor are the Americans of Portuguese extraction. They have given distinguished
artists and scientists to this country.

AMERICANS OF ROUMANIAN LINEAGE

Panel of Steel Worker
Lor hac i WD ti
Un Cott CONS © Oli

Roumanian Lineage

VeJOUMANIAN immigration is of quite recent date, but the names of certain individuals appear on the page of
| American history. In the Civil War, Nicholas Dunca and Major George Pomutiu shed their blood in the great
struggle. But most of the 150,000 Americans of Roumanian birth are of the first generation.

More than half this number live in New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Illinois. No part of
the United States is without some members of this group. “They are found in almost every walk of life. Literature, art,
science, education and professions are followed by these citizens from a far country. To music they have contributed

Alma Gluck.

The great majority of Roumanian-born Americans have, however, given their brawn to the building of America.
Peter Roberts, in “The New Immigration,” says: “American industry needed the mercurial Italian and Roumanian.
‘There was much coarse, rough and heavy work to do in mining and construction camps; in tunnel and railroad build-
ing; around smelters and furnaces. Nowhere in the world could employers get laborers so well adapted to their need, as
the countries of Southeastern Europe.’

The spirit of Labor brought to this country by those of Roumanian lineage is a fundamental part of this exhibit.
The laborer, farmer and miner is graphically depicted. So is the artistic craftsman in delicate embroideries. The cen-
tral painting shows the aspirations of the Romanian immigrant toward life in his adopted country, America.

AMERICANS OF RUSSIAN LINEAGE

An American of Russian parentage on his farm in the great West using

modern agriculture machinery

oy USSIANS began to emigrate to America early in the nineteenth century, but no great immigration had

Yj . . . . . . .
_| occurred prior to 1880. At this time large numbers subjected to religious persecution sought an asylum here.

To-day we have more than 3,000,000 Americans of Russian lineage. “They are concentrated in the Middle
Atlantic States and small groups are spread throughout the country.

The arts and agriculture are the main Russian contributions to America. Many Russians of education and culture
brought with them to America a wonderful heritage of musical, literary and artistic achievement. They translated the
Russian novels which opened new realms to us; they introduced typical Russian music through individual artists and such
organizations as the Russian Symphony Orchestra and the Russian Cathedral Choir. The Russian ballet school is an
educational force. Artists and sculptors of Russian lineage have produced noteworthy works of art. “Their traditions
have profoundly influenced the drama and staging of plays and opera.

In the Southwest and Far West, Russian immigrants have been successful in building up large agricultural com-
munities. Their product has largely been wheat, flax and other seeds and plants native to Russia. “These people have
engaged in such basic industries as mining, iron and steel manufacture, and lumbering. ‘Their arts and crafts, which
include brass and copper work and beautiful embroideries, have been brought into the United States and widely
popularized.

The exhibit of Americans of Russian descent shows the chief contributions of this group to our nation. A huge map
of the United States shows Russian immigrant settlements. Seed and plant exhibits demonstrate their agricultural work.
The art of the Russian ballet and of stage decoration is beautifully illustrated. Russian furs, Russian arts and crafts,
the Russian samovar, are evidences of the concrete commercial gifts brought by this group to America.

AMERICANS OF SCOTTISH LINEAGE

The Heritage of Scotch
Diligence has Helped to
Build Our Steel Industry

Copyrighted by Underwood and Underwood, N. Y.

—

a =| COTSMEN have left their mark on every period of American history from earliest Colonial times to the present
Pe ‘| day. A number of Highlanders who settled on the border did yeoman service in clearing and holding the
frontier. From Scotland came the material for some of the most important statesmen, naval and military
leaders of Revolutionary times.

Americans of Scotch descent have proved of incalculable value to the development of the commerce and industry of
this nation. They built up many of our chief mercantile establishments, banks, the manufacture of iron and steel, rail-
way transportation and the management of the ship building industry. ‘Their inventions—typified by the manufacture
of illuminating gas—have been tremendous economic assets.

Education in America has been deeply influenced by our citizens of Scotch descent. Bringing both reverence for
learning and university training, early immigrants contributed many teachers to America, founded several universities
and exerted a leading influence on the system of instruction.

The Scotch have given to the American people many of its favorite songs and ballads. Their national literature of
story and poetry has had a powerful cultural influence in this country. Golf, which has now become one of America’s
most popular games, was introduced from Scotland.

The exhibit of Americans of Scottish lineage has worked into its decorative scheme the story of their contributions
to America, chief of which are their high ideals, their love of liberty, their loyalty. “A man’s a man for a’ that” is let-
tered across the back of the exhibit. Panels graphically picture the historical and industrial representations of the Scotch
part in America’s Making, with names of their great citizens blazoned high. “This group presents a festival program of
the songs and ballads which have become the home songs of America, offset by the Highland bag-pipers and characteristic
dances.

AMERICANS OF SWEDISH LINEAGE

One of the Murals from the Exhibit symbolizing Early Explorations

@|ITIZENS of Swedish lineage have contributed in great share to the material growth and progress of America
| and have made valuable additions to its spiritual and cultural life.

For two hundred and eighty-three years they have formed an integral and important part of what finally
became the American nation. They have been prominent in its political life during the Colonial period and
always have fostered respect for law and order and exerted a wholesome influence for good government.

Their records as soldiers, sailors and officers is surpassed by none. Some of our leading educators and scholars, and
many of our foremost scientists and inventors are of Swedish origin.

The music of our land has been greatly enriched by these people, who helped greatly to improve general musical
taste. They have advanced sculpture and painting, made many contributions to the industrial arts, and influenced our
architecture.

Swedish descendants have cleared and cultivated over 12,000,000 acres of land, and they have established 2,000
churches and a large number of schools, charitable institutions and beneficial and social welfare societies. “They have
published hundreds of newspapers and thousands of books, and, like their ancestors in Sweden, spend more on education
per capita than descendants of any other nationality.

They have introduced new ideas into certain branches of our school curricula, especially an emphasis on manual
training. Gymnastics in the American Army and in many of our schools are founded on Swedish theories and have been
ably taught by a large number of instructors of Swedish extraction. Mechanotherapy, which has grown to such impor-
tance, was introduced into this country under Swedish inspiration and has been largely fostered by men and women of
Swedish extraction.

In the exhibit of Americans of Swedish lineage three lines of activities are emphasized: Swedish settlements in
Delaware, the defense of this country and modern farming methods in the Northwest. ‘These three ideas are illus-
trated by large murals, on each wall surrounded by painted portraits of important and famous Americans of Swedish
lineage. The festival of this group includes gymnastics, singing by united societies and folk dancing.

AMERICANS OF SWISS LINEAGE

SOULS) (Ott ganLtou
AL BERING A IGE ATHRN:

Swiss-born American
Secretary of U.S. Treasury
TSO1-1813

WISS immigration to America has been steady and individual rather than concentrated in time or mass. In
the early history of the United States, Americans born in Switzerland have prominently figured.

For years Americans of Swiss lineage imported into the country articles manufactured in Switzerland,

such as embroideries, silks, watches, cheese and chemical products. For some time now they have been engaged

in these industries in America in which they have introduced skilled workmen born in Switzerland, and to which they
brought experience and organized knowledge.

Dairying has been widely developed by these Americans in the Middle West, the mountainous meadows of the far
West and on the Pacific Coast. “Their success was due to the thorough knowledge of grazing and dairying which they
brought with them. Coming from a country of tourists, these citizens knew how to build up some of our finest hotels
and restaurants. “Trained experts in banking from Switzerland are found in many banking institutions and often in
commanding positions.

Education has felt the influence of the teachers who have made their homes here. Public schools have adopted
physical training partly as a result of their efforts in combination with the Germans through their “Turnverein.” With
Germans and Swedes they have developed, through their singing societies, American interest in music and song. To
America the Swiss brought their principles of Liberty, Justice and Self-government, which in private life they demonstrate
by a high standard of fair dealing and sensitive honor.

AMERICANS OF SYRIAN LINEAGE

A Characteristic Importation of Lace

HE Syrian immigration to America has taken place for the most part since 1885. There are at present about
200,000 Syrians throughout this country, many of whom have become citizens of the United States.

a characteristic which he inherits

from the ancient Phoenicians. He exports American merchandise to his kinsmen all over the wor!d, and his
extensive importations have done much to promote the popularity in the United States of finer articles of hand-made laces
and embroideries distinctive of Old-World art. He has developed the manufacture of kimonos to such an extent that
it now gives employment to thousands of workers.

The Syrian’s most pronounced racial trait is his commercial proclivity

The Syrian is also doing his part in the making of America by his deep-rooted love for law and order and his tireless
industry.

The exhibit of Americans of Syrian lineage includes both hand work and the special importations which are their sig-
nificant contribution as merchants. This interesting display consists of rugs, brass hand-work, mother-of-pearl work,
kimonos, which Syrians manufacture on a large scale, pistachio nuts and beautiful linens and laces.

AMERICANS OF UKRAINIAN LINEAGE

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A typical pattern of Ukrainian embroidery

HERE are approximately 1,000,000 people of Ukrainian lineage in the East and Middle West sections of the
United States. Pennsylvania has almost 100,000 of this number, who have settled near Pittsburgh. Large
colonies have also settled in New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois and Michigan, while smaller settlements
are in North Dakota, Minnesota and California and Oregon.

Immigration from the Ukraine began about 1870, but was important before 1900. Gradually the influx increased,
until just before the war we received about 100,000 U krainians annually. The gifts of this group have been important
rather than conspicuous. Probably the greatest Ukrainian contributions have been in the coal mines and iron and steel
industries of Pennsylvania, where by their courage, endurance and brawn they have noticeably increased our annual
output.

Ukrainians are well represented in almost every factory in America’s large industrial regions, and are especially
active in the textile industry of New Jersey. The skill of their artisans is noteworthy, especially in wood-working,
embroideries, tailoring, weaving, work in furs and beads, and clock-making. This group has already entered into farm-
ing, and has a fair representation of small tradesmen. ‘They are fast becoming a very real factor in American life and its
art. ‘Their deep interest in music is a potential contribution.

The exhibit of Americans of Ukrainian lineage emphasizes its beautiful embroidery produced on the spot by women
working by hand and loom. Samples of radium ore form part of an exhibit of mining. Wood working and wood inlays
and bead work will be demonstrated by actual workers.

AMERICANS OF WELSH LINEAGE

Roger Williams Accepting the Pipe of Peace.

N Colonial days many younger sons of Welsh families settled in the South from whom are descended many of
our best known southern families. Many other Welshnien among Pilgrims and Pioneers helped colonize New
England.

Roger Williams founded Providence, Rhode Island, and William Penn in Pennsylvania with other Welsh Quakers
made the most important large settlements. Americans of Welsh lineage contributed many soldiers to the cause of In-
dependence and such patriots as Robert Morris and Patrick Henry. Welsh names and Welsh blood are found among
many of our most distinguished statesmen.

Several of our colleges were founded by the Welsh people, including Harvard, Brown and Williams. To our
industry they contributed the invention of high-pressure engines, established the first woolen mill, helped to found the
iron and steel industry and did much to promote agriculture and mining.

They introduced into America the great Welsh musical and literary festival called the Eisteddfod. By their love
of song and the organization of their great choir, they have been a musical inspiration to many communities.

The exhibit of this section shows the early historical background of the Welsh in this country. ‘The settlement of
Pennsylvania by Penn and the pioneering of Roger Williams are shown. The great industrial contribution of early mining
is graphically depicted by large blocks of tin, iron, slate and coal. The Welsh influence in education is illustrated by the
part they played in the founding of Yale and Princeton.

GUILD OF THE NEEDLE AND BOBBIN CRAFTS

Women of Italian descent on cut-linen at the Scuola
d’Industrie Italiane

=|HE Guild of the Needle and Bobbin Crafts, working in cooperation with the Needle and Bobbin Club and the
People’s Institute is an association formed to stimulate and maintain interest in the hand-made fabrics of foreign
and native groups; to assist in preserving the racial character of the fabrics in so far as they are worthy in design
and workmanship, and to assist in the production and marketing of the same. ‘They hold and take part in
exhibitions and have established a clearing-house for the information and education of the public regarding the art
standards of textile handiwork and for the federation of various industries.

In every land needlework has for centuries been the medium of expression of the woman in the home. In their
desire to become Americanized, the foreign women are apt to discard those things which are of most value to their new
country and themselves and substitute for them the expression of art, so called, which bears the stamp of the new
country.

Allen ‘T. Burns writes, “Foreign women have been the least in touch with American life, and less has been done to
unite them solidly with the native-born. ‘To the extent that their needlecraft can be made to meet demands of America

for textile art, you will not only tie these women to our country, but add a decidedly necessary element to our national
life.”

The exhibit of this guild will set forth counterpanes from Colonial New England and gowns gay with Ukrainian
designs. ‘Textiles and needlework showing the distinctive patterns and technical methods introduced by workers from
all the various races into America will be displayed. At a glance the source of inspiration can be seen because each
piece is marked and its history given.

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